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Vergelijk technologieën
Kies twee of drie benaderingen en zie hoe ze van elkaar verschillen op precisie, DNA-knippen, cargo-omvang, toediening, klinische volwassenheid en bekende risico's.
Kies hierboven twee technologieën, of lees een van de geschreven vergelijkingen hieronder.
Geschreven vergelijkingen
De onderscheidingen die mensen het vaakst verkeerd begrijpen, goed uitgelegd.
CRISPR-Cas9 A protein that can be programmed with a short RNA guide to find one specific sequence in a genome and cut it.
Approved
Base Editing Chemically converts one DNA letter into another at a chosen position, without cutting both strands of the double helix.
Phase III
Prime Editing Writes a new stretch of DNA sequence directly into a chosen site, using a guide that carries the replacement text with it.
Phase I/II
CRISPR-Cas12 A family of CRISPR nucleases that cut DNA leaving staggered ends, use a different sequence requirement from Cas9, and can be smaller.
Phase I/II
CRISPR-Cas13 Targets RNA rather than DNA, so it can silence a gene's message without touching the genome itself.
Phase I
Cas14 and miniature Cas systems Unusually small CRISPR nucleases — roughly a third the size of Cas9 — discovered in archaea and bacteriophages.
Discovery
RNA Editing Changes letters in the RNA message rather than in the DNA, so the effect is real but temporary and the genome is untouched.
Phase I/II
Epigenetic Editing Changes how loudly a gene is expressed by rewriting the chemical marks on and around it, without altering a single letter of DNA sequence.
Preclinical
CRISPRa (gene activation) Uses a disabled CRISPR protein to switch a gene up rather than to cut it.
Research tool
CRISPRi (gene silencing) Parks a disabled CRISPR protein on a gene to block it from being read, turning it down without changing it.
Research tool
TALENs Custom-built proteins that recognise DNA letter by letter and cut — the technique CRISPR largely displaced, still in clinical use.
Phase I/II
Zinc Finger Nucleases The first programmable gene-editing tool to reach patients — small, engineered proteins that grip DNA in three-letter blocks.
Phase III
Recombinases and integrases Enzymes that cut and rejoin DNA at defined sites, able to insert whole genes rather than edit single letters.
Preclinical
Transposases Enzymes that cut a segment of DNA out of one place and paste it into another — nature's own copy-and-paste.
Phase I/II
Gene Therapy (gene addition) Delivers a working copy of a gene into cells without changing the existing genome — the older approach that gene editing is often confused with.
Approved
RNA Interference Uses the cell's own machinery to destroy a specific RNA message, lowering a protein's level without touching DNA.
Approved
Synthetic Biology Designing genetic parts and circuits so that cells perform new functions — the engineering discipline that gene editing serves as a tool.
Phase III
