数据来源

Regulators

• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) — approval decisions, product labels, safety communications, advisory committee materials.
• European Medicines Agency (EMA) — marketing authorisations and European public assessment reports.
• UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) — UK authorisations.
• Other national regulators where a decision is specific to that country, named on the page concerned.

Clinical trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov, operated by the U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health — registry identifiers, phase, status, enrolment, endpoints and posted results. This is the authoritative record for trials registered there; Atlas records are a compiled snapshot with a date attached.
• EU Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS) and the ISRCTN registry, where a study is registered in Europe or the UK rather than the United States.

Genes, genomes and disease

• National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — Gene, ClinVar and PubMed.
• National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) — reference explanations and the genomic glossary.
• HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) — official gene symbols and names.
• Ensembl (EMBL-EBI) and OMIM (Johns Hopkins University) — gene structure and disease association.
• World Health Organization and national health agencies — disease prevalence and burden.

Scientific literature

Primary research accessed through PubMed, principally in Nature and the Nature portfolio, Science, Cell, the New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Blood, Nature Biotechnology and Nature Medicine. Research pages summarise findings in our own words and link to the original publication; we do not reproduce article text.

Company information

Company records are compiled from regulatory filings (including the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's EDGAR system), official company announcements and investor materials. The Atlas does not carry live market data: where a figure like market capitalisation would be out of date within minutes, we point you to the primary source instead of publishing a stale number.

Agricultural and environmental regulation

• U.S. Department of Agriculture (APHIS) and the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine.
• European Commission and European Food Safety Authority, for EU rules on new genomic techniques.
• National regulators in the countries discussed, named on each page.

News publishers

Headlines are collected from the publishers below and always link to the original article. Article text and images remain the property of those publishers.

Imagery

Artwork on this site is generated imagery produced for The CRISPR Atlas and labelled as illustration wherever it sits beside scientific content. Diagrams that explain a mechanism are drawn schematics, not photographs. The Atlas does not publish AI-generated likenesses of real people.

Limits of all of this

Compiled data is always behind its source, sometimes by days and occasionally by longer. Regulatory and trial status change frequently, prevalence estimates are revised, and companies restate their pipelines. Check the last-updated date on any page you rely on, and confirm anything that matters against the primary source named there.