Institutions

Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardA Cambridge, Massachusetts research institute where base editing, prime editing and much CRISPR method development originated. Research institute Innovative Genomics InstituteFounded by Jennifer Doudna at Berkeley to move genome editing into real applications — including ones that would never be commercially viable. Research institute Max Planck Unit for the Science of PathogensEmmanuelle Charpentier's institute in Berlin, studying the bacterial biology from which CRISPR came. Research institute Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaWhere the first personalised gene-editing medicine was administered to an infant. Hospital Great Ormond Street HospitalThe London children's hospital where the first gene-edited cell therapy was given to a patient, in 2015. Hospital U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationThe US regulator that approves gene-editing medicines, and whose 2026 framework changes may reshape access for ultra-rare diseases. Regulator European Medicines AgencyThe EU regulator whose Committee for Advanced Therapies assesses gene-editing medicines for the European Union. Regulator World Health OrganizationConvened the expert advisory committee on human genome editing after the 2018 embryo editing case, and issued global governance recommendations. International body