Technologies
Gene-Editing Technologies by Clinical Maturity
Every technology in the Atlas ordered by how far it has actually reached in people.
이 목록이 만들어지는 방식
A useful corrective to coverage that treats every new editing technique as imminent. Sorted by how far each has genuinely got — from an approved medicine down to techniques that have never left a laboratory.
| # | 항목 | 카테고리 | 상태 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CRISPR-Cas9 A protein that can be programmed with a short RNA guide to find one specific sequence in… | Nuclease editing | Approved |
| 2 | Base Editing Chemically converts one DNA letter into another at a chosen position, without cutting… | Precision editing | Phase III |
| 3 | Prime Editing Writes a new stretch of DNA sequence directly into a chosen site, using a guide that… | Precision editing | Phase I/II |
| 4 | CRISPR-Cas12 A family of CRISPR nucleases that cut DNA leaving staggered ends, use a different… | Nuclease editing | Phase I/II |
| 5 | CRISPR-Cas13 Targets RNA rather than DNA, so it can silence a gene's message without touching the… | RNA targeting | Phase I |
| 6 | Cas14 and miniature Cas systems Unusually small CRISPR nucleases — roughly a third the size of Cas9 — discovered in… | Nuclease editing | Discovery |
| 7 | RNA Editing Changes letters in the RNA message rather than in the DNA, so the effect is real but… | RNA targeting | Phase I/II |
| 8 | Epigenetic Editing Changes how loudly a gene is expressed by rewriting the chemical marks on and around it… | Gene regulation | Preclinical |
| 9 | CRISPRa (gene activation) Uses a disabled CRISPR protein to switch a gene up rather than to cut it. | Gene regulation | Research tool |
| 10 | CRISPRi (gene silencing) Parks a disabled CRISPR protein on a gene to block it from being read, turning it down… | Gene regulation | Research tool |
| 11 | TALENs Custom-built proteins that recognise DNA letter by letter and cut — the technique CRISPR… | Earlier generation | Phase I/II |
| 12 | Zinc Finger Nucleases The first programmable gene-editing tool to reach patients — small, engineered proteins… | Earlier generation | Phase III |
| 13 | Recombinases and integrases Enzymes that cut and rejoin DNA at defined sites, able to insert whole genes rather than… | Large-cargo editing | Preclinical |
| 14 | Transposases Enzymes that cut a segment of DNA out of one place and paste it into another — nature's… | Large-cargo editing | Phase I/II |
| 15 | Gene Therapy (gene addition) Delivers a working copy of a gene into cells without changing the existing genome — the… | Related approach | Approved |
| 16 | RNA Interference Uses the cell's own machinery to destroy a specific RNA message, lowering a protein's… | RNA targeting | Approved |
| 17 | Synthetic Biology Designing genetic parts and circuits so that cells perform new functions — the… | Related approach | Phase III |
이 목록이 알려주지 않는 것Maturity refers to clinical progress, not scientific importance. Some of the most significant techniques here are the least clinically advanced.