Research

A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity Jinek, Chylinski, Fonfara, Hauer, Doudna, Charpentier · Science · 2012 Foundational Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems Cong, Ran, Cox, Zhang et al. · Science · 2013 Foundational RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9 Mali, Yang, Esvelt, Church et al. · Science · 2013 Foundational Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage Komor, Kim, Packer, Zuris, Liu · Nature · 2016 Method Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA Anzalone, Randolph, Davis, Liu et al. · Nature · 2019 Method CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes Barrangou, Fremaux, Horvath et al. · Science · 2007 Foundational CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia Frangoul et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2021 Clinical CRISPR-Cas9 in vivo gene editing for transthyretin amyloidosis Gillmore et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2021 Clinical Patient-specific in vivo gene editing to treat a rare genetic disease Musunuru et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 2025 Clinical Prime editing for p47phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease · New England Journal of Medicine · 2025 Clinical Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements Mojica, Díez-Villaseñor, García-Martínez, Soria · Journal of Molecular Evolution · 2005 Foundational