생물학 배경 지식 불필요
유전자 편집, 처음부터 배우기
간단한 가이드 시리즈: DNA란 무엇인지, 유전자란 무엇인지, CRISPR이 어떻게 염기서열을 찾아 바꾸는지, 그리고 그 이후에 등장한 고급 기법들까지 다룹니다. 순서대로 읽거나 원하는 곳으로 바로 이동하세요.
24 가이드. 각 항목은 쉬운 말로 된 답변으로 시작한 뒤 더 깊이 들어갑니다. 비유가 자유롭게 사용되며 — 모든 비유에는 어디서부터 정확하지 않은지에 대한 설명이 함께 제공됩니다. 반쯤만 이해된 비유야말로 이 분야에서 오해가 시작되는 주된 원인이니까요.
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Start here
다른 모든 개념의 바탕이 되는 용어들.
가이드 · 4 분 분량
What is DNA?
DNA is a long chemical chain that stores the instructions for building and running a living thing, written in an…
가이드 · 4 분 분량
What is a gene?
A gene is a stretch of DNA that carries the instructions for making one particular thing the cell needs — usually a…
가이드 · 3 분 분량
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is one very long DNA molecule packaged with proteins; humans normally have 46, in 23 pairs.
가이드 · 3 분 분량
What is a genome?
A genome is the complete set of genetic instructions in an organism — every chromosome, every gene, and everything in…
가이드 · 3 분 분량
What is RNA?
RNA is DNA's working copy — a temporary, single-stranded version the cell makes when it needs to use a gene.
가이드 · 5 분 분량
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in DNA sequence. Most do nothing, some cause disease, and a few are beneficial.
가이드 · 5 분 분량
What is gene editing?
Gene editing is changing the DNA sequence already inside a living cell, at a chosen location.
가이드 · 6 분 분량
What is CRISPR?
CRISPR is a bacterial immune system that scientists reprogrammed into a tool for finding and changing a chosen piece of…
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CRISPR basics
이 시스템이 실제로 어떻게 작동하는지, 단계별로 알아보세요.
가이드 · 6 분 분량
How CRISPR works, step by step
A guide RNA finds the target, the Cas protein cuts, and the cell's repair machinery makes the actual change.
가이드 · 4 분 분량
What Cas proteins do
Cas proteins are the machinery of the CRISPR system: they carry the guide, search the genome, and cut what matches.
가이드 · 4 분 분량
What guide RNA does
The guide RNA is the address. It carries a short sequence matching the target and holds the Cas protein in place.
가이드 · 5 분 분량
How cells repair DNA — and why it decides the edit
The cell, not the editor, makes the change. Which repair pathway it uses determines what you actually get.
가이드 · 5 분 분량
What off-target editing means
An off-target edit is a change made somewhere other than the intended site, because the guide tolerated a mismatch.
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Intermediate
편집이 유전자에 할 수 있는 것, 그리고 그것이 체내에 전달되는 방식.
가이드 · 5 분 분량
Knockouts, insertions and deletions
The three basic things editing does to a gene: switch it off, take something out, or put something in.
가이드 · 6 분 분량
Delivery: the real bottleneck
Getting the editing machinery into the right cells, in enough of them, without harm — the problem that decides which…
가이드 · 5 분 분량
Ex vivo and in vivo editing
Ex vivo means editing cells outside the body and putting them back; in vivo means editing them where they are.
가이드 · 5 분 분량
Viral vectors
Modified viruses used as delivery vehicles — very good at getting inside cells, which is exactly what they evolved to…
가이드 · 4 분 분량
Lipid nanoparticles
Tiny fat bubbles that carry genetic cargo into cells — the delivery technology that made in vivo CRISPR possible.
가이드 · 4 분 분량
Turning genes up and down
Changing how loudly a gene is expressed, without changing a single letter of its sequence.
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Advanced
Cas9 이후에 등장한 방법들, 그리고 이 분야가 나아가는 방향.
가이드 · 4 분 분량
Multiplex editing
Making several edits in the same cell at once — necessary for cell therapy, and riskier than making one.
가이드 · 4 분 분량
CRISPR diagnostics
Turning CRISPR's habit of chopping up nearby nucleic acid into a fast, cheap test for a specific sequence.
가이드 · 6 분 분량
Why gene therapies cost millions
The economics of a one-time treatment for a small population — and why the arithmetic that produces a $2.2 million…
가이드 · 5 분 분량
How a gene-editing company works
What a pre-revenue biotechnology company actually is, and which numbers describe it — information, not investment…
가이드 · 6 분 분량
How to read a clinical trial result
What a Phase 1 result does and does not tell you, and the questions worth asking before you believe a headline.
